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Piston Evolution Philadelphia PA

materials and designs have evolved over the years and will continue to do so until fuel cells, exotic batteries or something else makes the internal combustion engine obsolete. But until that happens, pistons will continue to power the vehicles we drive.
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Piston Evolution



By Larry Carley
2/1/2004

Adapted from Larry Carley's article in Engine Builder



Piston materials and designs have evolved over the years and will continue to do so until fuel cells, exotic batteries or something else makes the internal combustion engine obsolete. But until that happens, pistons will continue to power the vehicles we drive.

One thing that has not changed over the years is the basic function of a piston. The piston forms the bottom half of the combustion chamber and transmits the force of combustion through the wrist pin and connecting rod to the crankshaft. The basic design of the piston is still pretty much the same, too. It's a round slug of metal that slides up and down in a cylinder. Rings are still used to seal compression, minimize blowby and control oil.

So what has changed? The operating environment. Today's engines run cleaner, work harder and run hotter than ever before. At the same time, engines are expected to last longer than ever before, too: up to 150,000 miles or more - and with minimal maintenance. Consequently, heat management is the key to survival of the fittest.

Computer Generated

Piston design used to be a process of trial and error, according to one piston engineer. In the past, an engineer would make and test a new design three or four times before you got it right. Today, everything is modeled in 3D on a computer, then evaluated with finite element analysis software before anything is made. This speeds up...

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